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VOL. 1, ISSUE 2 (2025)
Vocational education, skill development, and lifelong learning in India: From workforce preparation to the vision of a learning society
Authors
Dr. Priyanka Sambhaji Jadhavar, Ganesh Shrirang Nale
Abstract

Vocational education and skill development have assumed strategic importance in India’s development discourse due to rapid technological change, labor market transformation, and the need for inclusive economic growth. Traditional education systems, largely oriented toward academic credentials, have proven insufficient in preparing learners for employability, entrepreneurship, and continuous adaptation. This research paper examines the concept, scope, policies, and programmes of vocational education and skill development in India, with particular attention to market requirements and the prevailing skilling status of the workforce.

The study analyzes how vocational education is operationalized through adult education, continuing education, and lifelong learning frameworks, focusing on state-supported structures such as Jan Shikshan Sansthans and non-state initiatives led by industrial and business houses. It explores the emergence of micro-enterprises, especially Self-Help Groups, and mega-level collective enterprises such as the Self-Employed Women’s Association, which demonstrate skill-based, inclusive economic models. The paper critically evaluates the Skilling India framework, including skill sectors, the National Skill Development Policy, implementation mechanisms, certification systems, and equivalence structures. It further examines entrepreneurship-oriented initiatives such as Make in India, Start-up India, Stand-Up India, and MUDRA, analyzing their impact at both micro and mega levels. Beyond employability, the paper advances a futuristic vision of lifelong learning that transcends literacy and numeracy. It addresses the dilemmas of institutional and non-institutional learning, emphasizes localization of learning within cultural contexts, and advocates personalized, network-based, and open learning models. The paper argues that India’s long-term development depends on evolving educational policies that promote flexibility, equity, and continuous learning, ultimately leading toward a learning society.
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Pages:206-209
How to cite this article:
Dr. Priyanka Sambhaji Jadhavar, Ganesh Shrirang Nale "Vocational education, skill development, and lifelong learning in India: From workforce preparation to the vision of a learning society". International Journal of Applied Review , Vol 1, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 206-209
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